Lecture IV : Romantic composers

Chopin:

1. Solo become important than orchestra (accompany) - because he lacks of orchestral knowledge

2. Balance between the solo line (he is a master)

3. Virtuoso composer (influenced by Mozart)

4. Classical concerto form

5. Polish, Chromaticism

6. No Cadenza

Chopin Piano Concerto op. 13

Chopin Piano Concerto op. 21 in f minor

Liszt:

1. piano leading the orchestra (influenced by Beethoven)

2. He is both virtuoso and symphonic style

3. Solo role - Rubato

4. One movement (4 themes) - Cadenza connect each sections

Liszt Piano Concerto in A

Liszt Piano Concerto in Eb

1. First & Second movement

2. Third movement

3. Forth movement

Brahms:

1. He is very complex (both classical and romantic)

2. Thematic contrast, transformation (influenced by Schumann)

3. Double exposition

4. Symphonic integration of solo and orchestra

5. Equal between solo and orchestra

Brahmas Piano Concerto in Bb major, op. 83

First movement:  Horn introduction + Cadenza -orchestra exposition

                          Horn - Piano (in dialogue, conversation)

Third movement: Andante (Cello solo begins)

                           Lyrical shape

                           orchestra lead (Cello-Bassoon): dialogue

                           Classical and romantic symphonic ideas

                           cross rhythm (complex)

                           ABA form

Forth movement: Rondo Allegretto grazioso (theme I come out again and again)

                           No trumpets, drums (lighter)

                           Character changes

                           used Hungarian theme (folk song)

                           Release feeling

 

Schumann:

1. Thematic transformation, variation

2. Thematic metamorphosis (throughout 3 movements)

3. Solo exposition (double exposition)

4. Solo answered in a remote key (influenced by Beethoven)

5. He is discomfort of Sonata form

6. There are using the same theme, but  not thematic contrast

Schumann Piano Concerto op. 54 in a minor

1. First movement: a minor - Ab - A major (Contrapuntal, transposition)

2. Second movement

3. Third movement: Sonata Rondo (Variation, different color of instruments), Coda: march-like

Russian Composers